Lifetime ISA and ISA update
Alongside auto-enrolment is the lifetime ISA the new pension for the under 40s?
From April 2017, any adult under 40 will be able to open a new Lifetime ISA from which they will also be able to withdraw amounts they have contributed.
Making contributions
Up to £4,000 can be saved each year. The government will pay in a 25% bonus on these contributions at the end of the tax year (i.e. up to £1,000 each tax year).
Savers will be able to make Lifetime ISA contributions and receive a bonus from the age of 18 up to the age of 50. No additional contributions will be allowed after the age of 50.
Tax free funds, including the government bonus, can be used to buy a first home worth up to £450,000 at any time from 12 months after opening the account. The funds, including the government bonus, can be withdrawn from the Lifetime ISA from age 60 for any other purpose.
Lifetime ISA managers will claim the bonus due on the accounts they manage from HMRC. Where the individual is purchasing a home they will be able to receive their bonus in-year based on the contributions they have made in that tax year. They will not have to wait until the end of the tax year to receive their bonus.
Individuals will be able to transfer savings from other ISAs as one way of funding their Lifetime ISA. In line with existing rules, transfers from previous years’ ISA contributions do not affect that year’s £20,000 overall ISA limit.
During the 2017-18 tax year only, those who have a Help to Buy ISA will be able to transfer those funds into a Lifetime ISA and receive the government bonus of 25% on those savings. Any Help to Buy ISA funds that were saved prior to the introduction of the Lifetime ISA on 6 April 2017 will not count towards the Lifetime ISA annual contribution limit.
Contributions made after this point to the Help to Buy ISA and transferred to the Lifetime ISA will count against the annual contribution limit of £4,000. At the end of the tax year they will receive a bonus on the full amount of the transferred Help to Buy ISA and their Lifetime ISA contributions.
Withdrawal to purchase first home
First time home buyers will be able to withdraw up to 100% of their Lifetime ISA balance, including the government bonus (which will have been added to the account at the end of each tax year and up to the date of purchase in that tax year).
Their withdrawal can only be put towards a first home located in the UK with a purchase price of up to £450,000.
The Lifetime ISA must have been opened at least 12 months before the withdrawal that is to include the government bonus for the first home purchase.
If more than one person is buying their first house together they can each use a Lifetime ISA and each benefit from their government bonus.
The withdrawal must be for a deposit on a property for the first time buyer to live in as their only residence and not buy-to-let.
The account holder will inform their ISA manager of the house purchase, who will claim any additional bonus due up to that point from HMRC and the funds will then be paid direct to the conveyance. If a purchase does not complete after a withdrawal has been made then the funds will be returned to the same ISA manager by the conveyancer and will not count against the annual contribution limit.
The Help to Buy ISA will be open for new savers until 30 November 2019, and open to new contributions until 2029. Savers will be able to save into both a Help to Buy ISA and a Lifetime ISA, but will only be able to use the government bonus from one of their accounts to buy their first home.
The following options will be available:
use their Help to Buy ISA with the government bonus to purchase their first home and save with their Lifetime ISA to make withdrawals after age 60 with the government bonus
use their Lifetime ISA with the government bonus to purchase their first home and withdraw the funds held in their Help to Buy ISA to put towards this purchase but without the government bonus
use their Help to Buy ISA including the government bonus to purchase their first home and withdraw from their Lifetime ISA to put towards the purchase. Although the government bonuses on the Lifetime ISA savings would be returned to HMRC and the individual would be required to pay a charge as set out below.
Withdrawals after 60 years of age
Full or partial withdrawals including the bonuses can be made from age 60 and used for any purpose and will be free of tax. Funds may remain invested and any interest and investment growth will be tax-free.
Withdrawals in other circumstances when bonus can be retained
Tax free withdrawals including the bonuses will also be allowed where people are diagnosed with terminal ill health regardless of the individual’s age. The definition of terminal ill health will be based on that used for pensions.
Withdrawals in other circumstances when bonus will be returned to the government
Savers will be able to make withdrawals at any time for other purposes, but with the government bonus element of the fund (including any interest or growth on that bonus) returned to the government, and a 5% charge applied. The individual saver will still have access to those savings and any interest or growth earned on those savings minus the 5% charge.
Balance held on account when the individual dies
Upon the death of the account holder, the funds will form part of the estate for inheritance tax purposes. Their spouse or civil partner can also inherit their ISA tax advantages and will be able to invest as much into their own ISA as their spouse used to have, on top of their usual allowance.
Points for the government to explore in the future
The government wants it to be easy for individuals to save additional funds on top of those receiving a bonus and will explore the best way to achieve that. For example if individuals want to save more than £4,000 per year or keep contributing after the age of 50.
The government will explore whether savers should be able to access contributions and the government bonus for other specific life events.
The government will explore whether there should be the flexibility to borrow funds from the Lifetime ISA without incurring a charge if the borrowed funds are fully repaid. For example some set percentage of the savings could be borrowed subject to some maximum value.
ISA update
Other ISAs
The total amount which can be saved each year into all ISAs will increase from £15,240 to £20,000 from April 2017. Therefore if someone saves £4,000 in a Lifetime ISA in 2017/18 that person will also be able to save up to £16,000 in other ISAs in that year.
From 6 April 2015 to 5 April 2016 the annual amount which can be paid into an ISA has been £15,240. This can be in a cash ISA, a stocks and shares ISA or any mix of both types of ISA. Withdrawn funds cannot be replaced by paying more into an ISA unless still within the £15,240 annual allowance. For example, if during the year to 5 April 2016 £14,000 was paid into an ISA then £5,000 was withdrawn only a further £1,240 would be able to be paid into the ISA (i.e. £15,240 less £14,000).
From 6 April 2016 savers will effectively be able to re-invest withdrawals into ISAs if within the same tax year. For example, if during the year to 5 April 2017 £14,000 was paid into an ISA then £5,000 was withdrawn a further £6,240 would be able to be paid into the ISA (i.e. £15,240 less (£14,000 less £5,000)). Each tax year will be considered in isolation so for the following year to 5 April 2017 withdrawals and contributions in the previous tax year will be ignored.
Not all providers may be able to offer this additional flexibility, even though they are allowed to under the new regulations.
Help to Buy ISAs
These were introduced from 1 December 2015 and are available to first-time residential property buyers. Such savers, when saving for a deposit, receive a £50 contribution from the government for every £200 the individual contributes subject to a maximum government contribution of £3,000. Savers can pay up to £200 per calendar month into a help to buy ISA except for the first month the account is opened when an extra £1,000 can be paid in making £1,200 in total for that month. These are only available to first time home buyers, so are not available to people who already own a property or have done so in the past.
The government bonus is only paid when the property is purchased so will not be paid if the money is used for another purpose. It is not limited to newly built homes although the property should cost no more than £250,000 or £450,000 if buying in London.
If purchasing a property with other first time buyers, each first time buyer is entitled to this account and the government bonus. So if two first time buyers are purchasing a home together, each would be entitled to a bonus of up to £3,000 making £6,000 in total.
Innovative finance ISAs
These are being introduced from 6 April 2016 and will have effect for qualifying peer to peer loans made on and after 6 April 2016. This account will be available to investors aged 18 and over. Along with loan repayments, interest and gains from peer to peer loans will be eligible to be held within this type of ISA, without being subject to tax.
Peer to peer lending platforms with full regulatory permissions from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) will be eligible to offer the Innovative Finance ISA in accordance with the ISA Regulations. Like other ISA providers, these platforms will be required to supply HMRC with information about the accounts they provide. Various account requirements set out in the ISA Regulations will be amended to accommodate the Innovative Finance ISA.
These changes will mean that an ISA investor will be entitled to subscribe new money each year to a maximum of one Innovative Finance ISA, one cash ISA and one stocks and shares ISA. The amount of new money paid into all of the ISAs held by an investor must not exceed the overall ISA subscription limit for the year. For the year ended 5 April 2017 that limit is £15,240 and the limit will increase to £20,000 for the year ending 5 April 2018. (Courtesy ACCA)
Operative date:
The measure will apply to distributions made on or after 6 April 2016.
Current law:
Part 4 Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act (ITTOIA) 2005 imposes the charge to income tax on most dividend income (including other types of distribution). Chapter 3 of Part 4 ITTOIA 2005 provides that a recipient of a dividend will receive a tax credit, equal to one ninth of the dividend value. This tax credit can be set against the person’s liability to tax on dividend income for that year.
Dividend income is defined at section 19 of the Income Tax Act (ITA) 2007 and includes dividends from UK resident and non-UK resident companies, as well as some other types of distributions and things that are treated as distributions.
Dividend income is charged at the dividend ordinary, dividend upper or dividend additional rates, as provided by section 8 of ITA 2007.
Proposed revisions:
Legislation will be introduced in Finance Bill 2016 to amend ITA 2007 and to implement a new 0% rate for dividend income received by individuals, as well as changing the rates of tax for dividend income. The new nil rate will apply to the first £5,000 of a person’s dividend income and will be available annually.
The rates of income tax for dividends received above the allowance on or after 6 April 2016 be:
7.5% for dividend income within the basic rate band
32.5% for dividend income within the higher rate band
38.1% for dividend income within the additional rate band
The Dividend Allowance applies to the first £5,000 of an individual’s taxable dividend income and is in addition to the provisions for Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) and the tax-free personal allowance. The dividend allowance will apply to dividends received from UK resident and non-UK resident companies.
Dividend income that is within the dividend allowance (and savings income within the new savings allowance) will still count towards an individual’s basic or higher rate limits – and may therefore affect the level of savings allowance that they are entitled to, and the rate of tax that is due on any dividend income in excess of this allowance.
In calculating into which tax band any dividend income over the £5,000 allowance falls, savings and dividend income are treated as the highest part of an individual’s income. Where an individual has both savings and dividend income, the dividend income is treated as the top slice. To see some examples of how this should work in practice see the ‘Dividend Allowance factsheet’ published on GOV.UK on 17 August 2015.
Alongside the introduction of the new dividend rates and the dividend allowance, legislation will be introduced in Finance Bill 2016 to amend ITTOIA 2005 to abolish the dividend tax credit.
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Here are some of the main business expenses you can set off against Corporation Tax (unless otherwise stated):
- Salaries
- Executive pension contributions (via an approved scheme).
- Employers’ national insurance contributions (NICs) payable on salaries paid to company employees.
- The cost of subsistence while away from your workplace (no claims after 24 months for subsistence the same ‘temporary workplace’).
- Accommodation costs when away from normal place of business (although must not exceed 24 months at a ‘temporary workplace’).
- Travel and parking costs, mileage allowance if using own vehicle of 45p/mile for the first 10,000 miles, and 25p/mile thereafter. 20p/mile rate for bicycles.
- Training course fees as long as the skills are relevant to the business.
- Stationery, postage, and printing costs.
- Business insurance, such a professional indemnity insurance.
- Company formation and ongoing costs (e.g. Annual Return fee), although the company formation fee is a ‘capital cost’, and cannot be set off against Corporation Tax.
- Telephone and broadband packages (if the contract is in the company name).
- Mobile and Smartphones (if the contract is in the company name).
- The cost of business calls can be reclaimed on a residential phone bill.
- Home office costs (a flat £4/week without receipts is allowed by HMRC, or work out a proportion of the household bills).
- Computer equipment and software.
- Costs of advertising and marketing your business.
- Business gifts up to £50 per individual are allowable before more complex rules apply.
- Incidental overnight expenses of £5/night (£10/night if overseas) can be claimed as a flat rate if you are working away from home.
- Authorised bank charges, e.g. standing charges each quarter.
- Christmas party exemption for directors and employees of £150 per person per year (you can include your partner or spouse).
- Professional fees, such as accountant or solicitor.
- A limited number of professional subscriptions, if allowed by HMRC.
- Capital allowances (depreciation of assets).
- Business magazines and books.
- An eye test for employees who use computer equipment.
- An annual private health check for employees.
- Hire purchase agreements (in the company name).
- Company car expenses (benefit in kind charge for private use).
You can also claim for all expenses you may have incurred personally for business purposes prior to company formation
You can access HMRC’s A-Z of expenses and benefits here.
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Q: How to registering as a freelance
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Step 1: Get National Insurance Number
Step 2: Get register as self-employed, partnership or trade through umbrella company or private limited company
After step 2 above you can trade as freelancer makeup artist
Step 3: reporting to HM Revenue & Custom and companies house (if applicable)
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